Which U.S. law governs the exportation of goods with potential military applications?

The correct answer, which governs the exportation of goods with potential military applications, is the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). ITAR specifically regulates the export and import of defense-related articles and services listed on the U.S. Munitions List (USML). It aims to ensure that sensitive military technology does not fall into the hands of adversaries and protects U.S. national security interests.

ITAR applies to a wide range of military and defense items, including weapons, military equipment, and technology that could enhance the capabilities of foreign military forces. Compliance with ITAR is mandatory for individuals and organizations involved in the development or exporting of defense articles and services. This regulation ensures that any relevant exportation is conducted in a manner that safeguards U.S. interests and adheres to international obligations.

In contrast, the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) primarily manage the export of dual-use goods, which have both civilian and military applications but are not specifically military-related. The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) is legislative authority for military spending but does not directly govern export processes. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) addresses issues of bribery and corruption in international business and is unrelated to export regulations for military applications.