What is the role of the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS)?

The role of the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) is primarily focused on regulating exports, particularly in relation to national security and foreign policy objectives. This involves implementing export control regulations that restrict the transfer of certain goods, technologies, and services to specific countries or entities deemed to pose a potential threat to U.S. national security or to hinder U.S. foreign policy interests. BIS is crucial in balancing the need for trade with the protection of sensitive technologies and information.

The agency is responsible for enforcing export regulations under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), which pertain to dual-use items that can be used for both civilian and military applications. This regulatory framework is essential for preventing potential adversaries from acquiring technologies that could compromise U.S. security.

In contrast, the other options presented relate to responsibilities not covered by BIS. Import tariffs and duties are monitored by the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and not BIS, while the issuance of import licenses for strategic goods falls more under the jurisdiction of the Department of Commerce or other specialized agencies. Similarly, the shipping industry oversight is managed by various maritime organizations and regulatory bodies, not BIS. Therefore, the focus of BIS on export regulations for national security and foreign policy is what defines its critical role.